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ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi — isiZulu
Ukuguguleka kancane kancane komhlabathi ovundile osengxenyeni yomhlaba engaphezulu. Ukuguguleka (bheka i-“erosion”) kubandakanya ukukhumuzeka nokuguguleka kwamadwala, izimvithi nezicucu zamatshe namadwala kanye nomhlabathi, kodwa uma sikhuluma ngokuguguleka kwenhlabathi sikhuluma ngokuguguleka kwengxenye yomhlaba esekela ukumila nokukhula kwezimila engxenyeni engaphezulu yomhlaba. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kuyinqubo yemvelo ebilokhu yenzeka kusukela emandulo futhi mhlawumbe esazoqhubeka yenzeke kuze kube ngunaphakade. Kodwa-ke, kule minyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa edlule, izenzo nemisebenzi yabantu kusheshisa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi futhi lokhu kubangela ukuthi isivinini sokuguguleka kwenhlabathi sibe ngaphezulu kwesivivini sokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi silahlekelwa ngumhlabathi ovundile esithembele kuwona, ngoba phela yiwona esilima kuwona izitshalo. Umhlabathi kuyenzeka uguguleke ngenxa ye-sheet erosion okuwukuguguleka kwe-layer efanayo yomhlabathi, ngenxa yamanzi ageleza phezu komhlabathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-sheet erosion iyakhula, futhi idlulele esigabeni esilandelayo, okuyisigaba se-rill erosion lapho kwenzeka imisele emincane enhlabathini, ejule ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Kodwa-ke ngenkathi kuqhubeka ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi amanzi agelezayo angena kule misele ayivule igcine isiyimisele emikhulukazi enezindonga eziyizinkebenkebe (gullies) ejule ngamamitha amaningi impela futhi enobude obungamamitha angamakhulu ngamakhulu. Kuleso sigaba-ke akube kusalimeka kulo mhlaba futhi usuke usuguguleke wonke umhlabathi ovundile. INingizimu Afrika, i-Lesotho kanye ne-Madagascar inezibonelo ezimangalisayo zemiselekazi ebangelwa wukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, kodwa-ke ngelishwa lokhu akuyona neze into esingaziqhenya ngayo. Yizenzo nemisebenzi yabantu ehlukahlukene eholela kulesi simo esidabukisayo impela esicekela phansi izigidi ngezigidi zamahekthare omhlaba, emhlabeni wonke jikelele, kodwa-ke izenzo ezihamba phambili ezibangela le nkinga wukulinywa komhlaba ngokweqile, ukuklabisa imfuyo ngokweqile (overgrazing), ukulima ngaphandle kwenkathalo nokucophelela, ukulima okubandakanya umkhuba wokunquma nokushisa izimila zemvelo, kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba ngokweqile. Uma abantu abaningi ngokweqile beziphilisa ngesiqeshana somhlaba, noma uma beziphilisa emhlabeni ongazilungele izindlela zokulima zasemandulo abazisebenzisayo, isifunda sonke singacekeleka phansi (degraded), kangangokuthi kungabe kusakhiqizeka lutho emhlabathini waso. E-Afrika ayizigidi ngezigidi amahekthare omhlaba asecekele phansi ngalolu hlobo. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi yinkinga yemvelo enkulu kakhulu ebhekene nabantu, kodwa kuncane kakhulu okushiwo ngayo emithonjeni yabezindaba uma iqhathaniswa nokungcoliseka komoya, ukungcoliseka kwamanzi kanye nesivuvu somhlaba. Kuyinto enhle ukuthi abantu bayaqwashiswa futhi sebenalo ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke izinkinga eziphathelene nemvelo, kodwa-ke asivamisile ukwenza izinto ngendlela okufanele ukuthi zenziwe ngayo, futhi siqinisekise nokuthi imvelo ibekwa eqhulwini. Ziningi izingqungquthela kanye nemihlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ebanjiwe, ephathelene nokungcoliseka komoya, isivuvu somhlaba kanye nokungcoliseka kwamanzi (bheka i-“climate change”, “environmental degradation”, “food security” kanye nama-“environmental conventions”), kepha kule mihlangano yamazwe ngamazwe akukaze kugxilwe kakhulu enkingeni yemvelo enkulukazi emhlabeni, okuyinkinga yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi ngesivinini esisabekayo. Nakwezomthetho imbala, inhlabathi ithola ukuvikelwa okuncane uma iqhathaniswa nokuvikelwa komkhathi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemithombo ehlukahlukene yamanzi, kodwa kube kuyinto eyaziwa kahle kamhlophe ukuthi inkinga yemvelo enkulukazi esibhekene nayo wukulahleka nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi yethu evundile!
