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idatha yesici nobunjalo bento ethile — isiZulu
Imininingwane echaza umuntu, indawo, isenzo noma isimangaliso esithile. Kunzima kakhulu ukulichaza leli temu ngoba esikhathini esiningi kuJografi igama elithi “isici” kanye negama elithi “idatha” avamise ukusetshenziswa njengamagama anomqondo ofanayo. Empeleni, leli temu lisondelene kakhulu nokuqoqwa nokugcinwa kwedatha (ngobuxhakaxhaka bekhompyutha noma ngesandla) kwisizindalwazi noma kumabalazwe ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Izazi zejografi zisebenza ngedatha esabalele ngokwendawo kanye namaphethini aphathelene nendawo achazwe yidatha (bheka i-“spatial distribution”). Zonke izingcezwana zedatha ezinokubaluleka okuthile kwizazi zejografi zinezici ezimbili eziyinhloko: isici sokuqala, idatha itholakala noma ivela endaweni ethile( lokhu yisici esiphathelene nendawo), futhi isici sesibili wukuthi inesimo sobunjalo (quality) esithile esibalulekile kwizazi zejografi. Lesi simo sobunjalo siyisici esichazayo noma siyisici sobunjalo bento. Izazi zejografi zicubungula futhi zicwaninge amaphethini endawo atholakala ngaphakathi endaweni ethile, okusho indawo okwenziwa kuyona ucwaningo. Isihloko socwaningo kungenzeka ukuthi mhlawumbe nje kube wucwaningo lokuhlola ukuba khona komkhuhlane endaweni ethile kanye nokuthi usabalale kangakanani. Indawo okwenziwa kuyona ucwaningo iyachazwa bese iklanywa kwibalazwe (bheka i-“demarcation”). Okwesibili, bonke abantu abahlala kuleyo ndawo bayahlonzwa ukuthi bahlala kuphi ngokwenza amachashazi kuleli balazwe kusetshenziswa amakheli abo. Manje sesinebalazwe eligcwele amachashazi. Ngalokhu-ke ukusabalala kwabantu endaweni ethile okwenziwa kuyona ucwaningo sekuchazwe ngemidwebo (okusho ukuthi, amaphethini ayabonakala ebalazweni). Kodwa-ke abanye balaba bantu (amachashazi) banomkhuhlane futhi abanye babo abanawo umkhuhlane. Uma amachashazi amele abantu abanomkhuhlane enombala obomvu futhi amachashazi alabo abangenawo umkhuhlane enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (blue), sikubona ngokucacile ukusabalala ngokwendawo komkhuhlane endaweni okwenziwa kuyona ucwaningo. Amachashazi aqukethe idatha yokusabalala kwabantu ngokwendawo, kanti umbala (wamachashazi) wona uqukethe idatha yesici esibonisa ubunjalo.
