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nuclear energy, amandla enuzi — isiZulu
Ngeminyaka yawo-1950 amandla enuzi aqala ukubonakala emehlweni abantu njengohlobo olwehlukile lwamandla kagesi, okuwuhlobo olusimeme futhi oluhlanzekile (okusho ukuthi, lolu hlobo lwamandla wuhlobo olungawungcolisi umoya njengezinye izinhlobo zamandla ezihlobene nokushiswa kweziphehlamandla ezimbiwa phansi [bheka ama-“fossil fuels” kanye ne-“air pollution”]) futhi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi amandla enuzi wuhlobo lwamandla olushibhile, okuyinto eyabe iyiphutha elikhulu. (Khumbula ukuthi inqubekelaphambili enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla enuzi yenzeka ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba [1939-1945] futhi emva kwempi lwaqhubeka ucwaningo kulo mkhakha. Ngaleso sikhathi, amandla enuzi ayebonakala njengesixazululo noma ithuluzi elabe lithungatha inkinga okumele ixazululwe). Ukuphehlwa kwamandla enuzi kusebenzisa i-uranium. Kudingeka umthamo omncane kakhulu we-uranium ukuphehla amandla kagesi omningi kakhulu. Kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zikagesi wenuzi kanye nazo zonke izinhlelo ezidingekayo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha, kwakuwumsebenzi omba eqolo. Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza equkethe imisebe enobuthi (radio-active waste material) nakho kwaba yinkinga enkulu impela futhi edinga izimali ezishisiwe. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo zibiza imali enkulu futhi namanje ayikaxazululeki inkinga yokuthola indawo engambi eqolo okuzogcinwa kuyona umthamo omkhulukazi wamandla aphehliwe. Ngenxa yotshalomali oludingekayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo zamandla enuzi kuseyinto eyenziwa kuphela emazweni acebile, futhi asethuthukile, anjenge-USA, Canada, amazwe ase-Scandinavia, France, Russia kanye namanye amazwe ase-Western European, ne-Japan, okungamazwe anayo imali yokwakha nokuqhuba umsebenzi wezikhungo zenuzi. Isixwayiso sokuqala esiqinile esabonisa ukuthi lezi zikhungo zinobungozi obukhulu kubantu bendawo kanye nemvelo yisigameko esenzeka e-Three Mile Nuclear Plant e-Pennsylvania, kwelase-USA, ngowe-1979 lapho kwaba nenkinga yokuputshuka kwemisebe enobuthi eyasabalala ezindaweni ezakhelene nesikhungo. Isigameko sesibili futhi esithusayo kakhulu senzeka ngowe-1986 lapho kwaba nenkinga enkulukazi eyabangela ukucekeleka phansi kwengxenye yesikhungo senuzi esidala futhi esingasasetshenziswa sase-Chernobyl kwelase-Ukraine (ngaleso sikhathi eyayisengaphansi kwe-USSR) okwabangela ukuputshuka komthamo omkhulukazi wemisebe enobuthi, eyaphuma yasabalala kwimvelo. Ucwaningo olwenziwa, oluphathelene nale ngozi yenuzi, lwabonisa ukuthi umthamo wemisebe enobuthi eyaputshuka wawuphindaphindeke kashumi (izikhathi eziyi-10) ngaphezu kwesigameko sebhomu lenuzi elacekela phansi idolobha lase-Hiroshima, kwelase-Japan, ngasekupheleni kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba. Ngowezi-2011 kwaba nesigameko sokuzamazama komhlaba esabonisa ubungozi obuphathelene nezikhungo zenuzi. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, okwenzeka kwelase-Japan, kwadala “ukuputshuka” kwemisebe enobuthi esikhungweni sikagesi wenuzi sase-Fukushima. Nakuba lesi kwakuyisimo esibucayi kakhulu, salawuleka ngoba i-Japan yayinabo ubuchwepheshe besimanje manje kanye nolwazi olunzulu lokubhekana naleso simo. Kepha-ke nakuba kunjalo, lesi sigameko sabubonisa ngokucacile ubungozi obuphathelene namandla enuzi. Uma izingozi zingagwemeka ngokuphelele, kuqinisekiswe ukulahlwa ngendlela ephephile kwemfucuza yemisebe enobuthi futhi kutholakale izindodla zemali yokwakha izikhungo zenuzi, mhlawumbe amandla enuzi angaba wuhlobo lwamandla olwehlukile, olungafani neziphehlamandla ezimbiwa phansi, olungaba yintandokazi futhi lusetshenziswe kakhulu ekuphehleni ugesi futhi uma kunjalo umhlaba wonkana uyokwazi ukusebenzisa amandla enuzi, kodwa-ke kusekude kakhulu ukuthi sifinyelele kulelo qophelo.
