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uguquko lwezolimo — isiZulu
Izinguquko ezikahlukahlukene eziphathelene nokulinywa nokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ezenzeke kuzo zonke izinhlelo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukudla, ezingxenyeni zonke zomhlaba eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa edlule. Izinguquko ezinohlonze futhi ezinomthelela omkhulu ezenzekile esikhathini esedlule zibizwa ngoguquko olunohlonze lwezolimo (agricultural revolution), olwenzeka eminyakeni eyizi-10 000 kuya kweyizi-12 000 eyadlula lapho abantu bayeka impilo yabo yokungazinzi endaweni eyodwa nokwehla benyuka, baqoka ukuhlala nokuzinza ezindaweni ezithile lapho kwadingeka khona ukuthi bazikhiqizele ngokwabo konke ukudla abakudingayo, futhi uma kukhona ukudla okusele bashintshisane ngakho namaqembu abantu abakhelene nabo. Yiso-ke lesi sikhathi okwazalwa ngaso ezolimo ngokwempela. Abantu kwadingeka ukuthi bafunde ukukhiqiza izitshalo unyaka nonyaka emhlabeni ofanayo futhi bathuthukise nezindlela zokufuya izilwane futhi balime izitshalo ngendlela esimeme, ezoqhubeka isikhathi eside. Uguquko lwezolimo lwesibili olwaba nomthelela omkhulu lwenzeka ngesikhathi esibizwa nge-“green revolution” ngeminyaka yawo-1950 lapho kwethulwa izindlela zesayensi zokuzalanisa imfuyo noma izinhlobo ezikhethekile zezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nezinhlobo zikakolweni ezihlukahlukene, nezelayisi kanye nommbila, ngenhloso yokukhuphula nokwandisa umkhiqizo wokudla. Lezi zinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokudla okusanhlamvu zawukhuphula kakhulu umkhiqizo wokudla emhlabeni (bheka i-“food security”). Isalokhu iqhubeke njalo imizamo yokuthola izindlela zokukhiqiza ukudla ezintsha futhi kuyaqhubeka nokwenziwa ngcono kwezindlela zokulawula nokubulala izinambuzane eziwuhlupho, ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyaqhubeka ukukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni. Kepha-ke kusenabantu emazweni athile abakhahlanyezwa wububha nendlala (bheka i-“vulnerability”). Ezifundeni zomhlaba eziningi zenzekile futhi ziyaqhubeka nokwenzeka izinguquko kwezolimo lapho kuguqukelwa khona ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene futhi ezintsha zolimo nokukhiqiza. Ezifundeni ezithile kwelase-Zambia, indawo yommbila seyithathwe wukotini, ngoba wona uyisitshalo esinenzuzo ngoba ungenisa imali eningi engukheshi futhi nasezifundeni ezithile zaseNingizimu Afrika kuqhubeka ngesivinini esikhulu impela ukufunywa kwezinyamazane nezilwane zasendle esikhundleni sokufunywa kwezinkomo. Ezimweni eziningi, kushibhile ukufuya izinhlobo ezithile zezinyamazane uma kuqhathaniswa nokufuya izinkomo, futhi njengoba umkhakha wezolimo waseNingizimu Afrika ungasayitholi imixhaso nezibonelelo, okuyinto engafani nalokho okwenzeka kwelase-USA nakwamanye amazwe ayingxenye ye-European Union lapho umkhakha wezolimo uhlinzekwa ngemixhaso nezibonelelo, futhi abalimi abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika sebeyaphuma emkhakheni wokulima izitshalo bangene ekufuyweni kwezilwane zasendle nezinyamazane. Ukufuywa kwezintshe (ostrich farming) sekuthathe indawo yokufuywa kwezimvu ezingxenyeni eziningi zesifunda se-Klein Karoo. Sekuyocaca kule minyaka embalwa ezayo ukuthi lezi zinguquko zibe nempumelelo engakanani, njengoba ngesikhathi sokuloba leli bhukwana, singakwazi ukusho nokubikezela ngoweqisino ukuthi lezi zinguquko zizoba yimpumelelo yini noma cha.
