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ukuhlonzwa kwesilinganisonani somnotho — isiZulu
Ukuhlonzwa kwenanibungako lomnotho noma inanibungako lesimo sezimali lesikhungo esingaphathelene nezimali, okuyisikhungo semvelo esinjengesikhungo esigcina obhejane noma isiqiwu, noma inanibungako lento engathinteki ngesandla, njengomuzwa omnandi wokuvakashela ehlane. Kunenanibungako elithile eliqondene nesikhungo, futhi lelo nani lihlonzwa ngokwesimo esijwayelekile sezimakethe sobuningi bempahla etholakalayo kanye nemfunekosidingo yaleyo mpahla. Izimo ezijwayelekile zezimakethe azisebenzi ezintweni ezinjengamazinyo endlovu, izimpondo zobhejane kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezilwane zasendle eminingana, ngoba akuvumelekile futhi akukho emthethweni ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo enjalo. Inanibungako eliqondene nale mikhiqizo engekho emthethweni lihlonzwa ngokubheka isimo sobuningi bemikhiqizo nemfunekosidingo emkhakheni womnotho womhlaba ongekho emthethweni. Ubhejane ophilayo noma indlovu ingathengiswa, futhi inani lentengo yayo lincike ekutheni uzimisele ukukhokha malini umthengi (umgomo wokuzimisela ukukhokha [WTP]) futhi nomthengisi uzimisele ukwamukela malini (umgomo wokuzimisela ukwamukela [WTA]). Inanibungako loqobo likabhejane lingaphezudlwana kakhulu ngoba libandakanya namandla okuzalanisa, nobuhle nobugugu obungalethwa yilowo bhejane emfanekisweni wesiqiwu njengendawo eheha abavakashi (bheka i-“destination image”) kanye nayo yonke imali eyenziwe ngokukhokhisa abavakashi abahehwe wubhejane abavakashela isiqiwu. Izilinganisonani zivamise ukwenziwa ngokubheka inzuzo engenziwa ngumthengi, umthengisi kanye nomnikazi wendawo kanye nokugculiseka okungatholwa yisiqashi noma isivakashi esikhokha imali yokusebenzisa leyo ndawo. Emkhakheni wezemvelo, ukwenziwa kwesilinganisonani sezomnotho kuyinqubo enzima kakhulu. Umuntu angasihlonza kanjani nje isilinganisonani se-Kruger National Park, Okavango Delta, noma i-Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site? Ngamafuphi, lokho kuyinto engenakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho-ke, ukuhlonzwa kwesilinganisonani sezomnotho emkhakheni wezemvelo, kwenzeka kuphela ezintweni ezincane kanye nezinsizakalo, nendawo yokuhlalisa abavakashi, ukudla kanye nezinsizakalo zokunakekela abavakashi ezihlinzekwa esimweni semvelo. Kodwa-ke, imvelo ngokwayo ayinikezwa inanibungako lezezimali (ngaphandle uma kuthengiswa umhlaba, futhi-ke uma kunjalo indawo eklanyiwe (bheka i-“demarcation”) inikezwa inani lentengiso lesikhashana (selling price), hhayi inanisilinganiso (value). Futhi kunzima kakhulu impela nokuhlonza “izindleko” zomonakalo owenzeka kwimvelo, kepha-ke lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngoba phela imithetho yezemvelo iyakuhlinzekela ukukhokhwa kwezindleko zokulungisa umonakalo kanye nenhlawulo kulabo abatholwe benecala lokucekela phansi imvelo. Siyazi ukuthi kungabiza malini ukuthola ungoti ozosusa udoti noma imfucuza enobungozi elahlwe ngendlela engekho emthethweni, kodwa ngeke sikwazi ukubeka inani lemali okumele ikhokhwe njengenhlawulo yomonakalo woqobo owenzeke kwimvelo owumphumela waleso senzo esingekho emthethweni. Izinhlawulo zibekwe njengomzamo wokunxephezela umonakalo owenzeke kwimvelo, kodwa-ke kuze kube manje eNingizimu Afrika izinhlawulo ziphansi kakhulu, okwenza zingabi nomthelela obonakalayo impela ekuvimbeleni ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. E-Canada, USA, Australia kanye nase-Western Europe izinhlawulo ziphezulu kakhulu, kangangokuthi ziyayifezekisa inhloso yazo futhi abathuthukisi bezindawo bayazama ukugwema ukucekeleka phansi kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke izingozi ziyenzeka. Njengomzamo wokuzivikela ezingozini, abathuthukisi bezindawo kanye nezinkampani zokwakha bazithathela umshwalense omba eqolo impela. Uma sicabanga ngawo wonke umonakalo owenziwe yizo zonke izimpi ezenzeke eminyakeni eyadlula (kubandakanya namabhomu enuzi amabili aqhunyiswa phezu kwe-Japan ngowe-1945), ingozi yesikhungo senuzi e-Three Mile Island, isigameko sokuchitheka kukawoyela emkhunjini i-Exxon Valdez kwelase-Alaska, isigameko sokuchitheka kukawoyela esikhungweni esisemajukujukwini olwandle esimpompa uwoyela ongahluziwe e-Gulf of Mexico, inhlekelele yenuzi yase-Chernobyl, ukucekeleka phansi kwemvelo okwenziwa yizinkampani zikawoyela ezinkulu esifundeni sase-Niger Delta, inhlekelele yokuvuza kwegesi ewushevu edolobheni lase-Bhopal, kanye nomonakalo oyohlala ukhona njalo kuze kube ngunaphakade obangelwe yikho konke lokhu, kuyacaca impela ukuthi zonke izinhlawulo ezikhokhiwe kuze kube manje zincane kakhulu futhi zifike emva kwesikhathi (okungukuthi sezidlulelwe yisikhathi). Umbuzo omkhulu wukuthi ingabe siyoke sikwazi nje ukwenza isilinganiso semali sawo wonke lo monakalo osuwenzekile? Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lokho kuyinto engeke neze yenzeke.
