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intuthuko — isiZulu
Izinga lenhlalakahle yezomnotho, amasiko kanye nenhlalo yomphakathi noma yesifunda noma yezwe elithile. Ekuqaleni, inhlalakahle yezomnotho (okusho umcebo) yomphakathi wabantu abahlala ezweni elithile yayithathwa njengendlela okuyiyona kuphela yokukala izinga lentuthuko lalowo mphakathi. Intuthuko yezomnotho yinqubo yokusebenzisa umcebo nemali ukwenza ngcono inhlalakahle yabantu futhi le ndlela yokukala ephathelene nezomnotho kuphela yayibonwa njengezinga loqobo lokukala intuthuko yomphakathi (bheka ama-“developed countries” kanye ne-“economic growth). Kodwa-ke, kwabonakala ukuthi umcebo nobubha yizinto ezincike ezimweni ezithile, ezingeke zithathwe njengezinto ezibonisa isimo esiphelele, njengoba emazweni ahlukahlukene isamba esithile semali efanayo singeke sikwazi ukuthenga inani elilinganayo lezimpahla nezinsizakalo futhi ngokunjalo singeke sithenge izimpahla nezinsizakalo ezinekhwalithi efanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu-ke, imali engenayo ezweni ngalinye akumele ithathwe njengesikali okuyisona sodwa esingasetshenziswa ukukala intuthuko yanoma iliphi iqembu labantu. Lokhu kwabonisa kahle kamhlophe ukuthi izimo ezihlukile eziphathelene namasiko kanye nenhlalo nazo kumele zibhekwe futhi zifakelwe izibuko kulokhu. INhlangano Yezizwe (UN) yabe seyithuthukisa isikali sentuthuko esamukelekile esisekelwe phezu kwezimo eziphathelene nezomnotho, amasiko kanye nenhlalo. Inkomba yentuthuko yabantu (HDI) ibhekisisa izimo ezihlukahlukene, okusho isamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya (GDP) okuyindlela yokukala umcebo wabantu ezweni, isilinganiso esimaphakathi sezinga lemfundo yabantu abahlala ezweni elithile, okuyisimo esiphathelene namasiko, kanye nobude besikhathi esiphilwa ngabantu emhlabeni (life expectancy) okuyisimo esiphathelene nenhlalo yabantu. Qaphela kodwa ukuthi ngisho ne-HDI imbala iyisikali esithi masincike kancane kwezinye izimo ngoba phela ibandakanya nemali engenayo ebantwini bezwe elithile. I-HDI ivamise ukusetshenziswa ukubonisa izinga lentuthuko yabantu noma yezwe. Isizathu esibalulekile esenza ukuthi igxekwe i-HDI ye-UN wukuthi ayiwabandakanyi futhi ayiwabhekisisi amalungelo esintu kanye nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, akufanele isetshenziswe yodwa i-HDI ukuchaza izinga lentuthuko lomphakathi othile noma izwe. (Bheka ama-“developing countries” kanye nama-“countries in transition”.)
