Help
imvula ene-asidi — isiZulu
Amanzi emvula avamise ukuba ne-asidi eningi uma eqhathaniswa namanzi ahlanzekile ajwayelekile. Amanzi ahlanzekile ajwayelekile ane-neutral pH ka-7,0 kodwa amanzi emvula wona avamise ukuba ne-pH ephansi; futhi i-avareji ye-pH yamanzi emvula ingu-5,6. Isizathu sokuba khona kwe-asidi eningi emanzini emvula wukuthi amanzi emvula anomthamo omncane wezinhlayiyana zemvelo ezincibilikile kanye nezinukubalisimanzi (ezikhiqizwa ngabantu) ezisebenza njengezinhlayiya zenguqukomhwamuko (condensation nuclei). Umkhathi (atmosphere) akwenzeki ungabi nazo izinto ezinjengothuli, intuthu, umlotha kanye nempova (pollen) futhi lokhu kuyancibilika emanzini emvula ngenkathi amathonsi emvula ehla emkhathini. Yingakho-ke, wonke amanzi emvula equkethe umthamo omncane wekhabhoni (carbon), isibaluli (sulphur) kanye nenayithrojini futhi lokhu yikona okuguqula amanzi emvula abe ngama-asidi angashubile kakhulu aqukethe ikhabhoni, isibaluli kanye nenayithrojini. Izenzo nemisebenzi yabantu ikhiqiza umthamo omkhulu wezinukubalisi (pollutants), ezinjengesikhutha se-carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide kanye ne-nitrogen oxide zingene emkhathini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokungcoliseka komoya (bheka i-“air pollution”). Zonke lezi zinukubalisi kuyenzeka zincibilike emhwamukweni osemkhathini noma emathonsini emvula, okuholela ekutheni imvula eyenzeka emkhathini ongcoliseke kakhulu ibe ne-asidi eningi kunaleyo etholakala emvuleni ejwayelekile. Imvula equkethe umthamo walawa ma-asidi ongaphezulu kojwayelekile – ikakhulukazi i-carbonic ne-sulphuric acid – iba “yimvula ene-asidi”. Imvula ene-asidi inomthamo we-pH ongu-5,2 futhi kungenzeka lokhu kwehle kuze kufinyelele ku-5,0 futhi imvula ene-asidi ingadala umonakalo omkhulu uma iqhathaniswa nemvula ejwayelekile. Izitshalo ziyafa uma zithola imvula ene-asidi isikhathi eside. ENyakatho Yurophu kanye nase-Canada sekushabalale izigidi ngezigidi zamahlathi e-cypress, spur, spruce, pine kanye ne-birch ngenxa yokungcoliseka komoya okubangelwa yizimboni zamazwe aseNingizimu Yurophu ne-USA. Ngasohlangothini lwejografi, kusemqoka kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ukungcoliseka komoya okwenzeka esifundeni esithile somhlaba kungaholela ekutheni kube nemvula ene-asidi kwesinye isifunda somhlaba njengoba izinukubalisi-moya zithuthwa futhi zihanjiswe ngumoya ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Ezindaweni ezise-Eastern nase-South-Eastern Highveld yeNingizimu Afrika (ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga naseLimpopo) izinkinga eziningi ezenzeka lapho kungenzeka ukuthi ziwumphumela wemvula ene-asidi ebangelwa wukungcoliseka komoya ngenxa yokushiswa kwamalahle ezikhungweni eziphehla ugesi e-Eastern Highveld nasezimbonini ezikhiqiza uphethiloli e-Sasolburg nase-Secunda. Lezi zinkinga zibandakanya izifo eziphathelene nokuphefumula ezihlasela izingane, ukungakhuli kahle nokufa kwamahlathi kaphayini, ukuncipha komkhiqizo wesivuno esiphuma emhlabathini (ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-asidi eningi ngokweqile emhlabathini), kepha-ke abukatholakali ubufakazi obuqanda ikhanda bokuthi ngempela lokhu yikona okubangela lezi zinkinga.
