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ama-cartesian coordinates — isiZulu
Inani lephoyinti eliku-x-axis kanye nenani lalokhu kugrafu ejwayelekile ye-y-axis kubizwa ngama-cartesian coordinates. Kumethamethiki, mhlawumbe nakuwona wonke amanye amasayensi kusetshenziswa i-Cartesian set of axes. Kepha-ke, lokhu kusebenza kuphela endaweni eyisicaba, kepha akusebenzi kwingxenye yomhlaba engaphezulu (Earth’s surface) njengoba yona ingesona isicaba kodwa iyindingilizi. Izazi zejografi zisebenzisa ama-Cartesian grids ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha-ke lokhu abakusebenziseki ukuchaza isimo soqobo futhi esinembayo sokuthi itholakala kuphi (absolute location) indawo ethile noma iphoyinti lengxenye yomhlaba engaphezulu. Ngenhloso yokuchaza isimo esinembayo esibonisa ukuthi itholakala kuphi indawo ethile, izazi zejografi sezisungule uhlelo oluhluke kakhulu. Uhlelo lwejografi oluchaza ukuthi itholakala kuphi indawo ethile engxenyeni engaphezulu yomhlaba yigridi eyakhiwe ngemigqa yelathithudi (imigqa yebalazwe ebonisa ukuthi indawo ethile isenhla noma isezansi kwenkabazwe ngokungakanani kanye nemigqa yelongithudi (imigqa yebalazwe ebonisa ukuthi indawo ethile ime kude kangakanani ngasentshonalanga noma ngasempumalanga yenkabazwe. Isimo esinembayo esibonisa ukuthi itholakala kuphi indawo ethile sichazwa ngokusebezisa ama-latitudinal nama-longitudinal coordinates aso. (Bheka i-“absolute location” ngaphansi kwe-“location” kanye ne-“geographical coordinate system”.)
