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ikhwalithi yamanzi — isiZulu
Izici zobunjalo (characteristics) bamanzi ezenza amanzi abe ngamanzi okuphuza (potable) noma amanzi angakufanele ukuphuzwa ngabantu (not potable), kepha-ke akulungele ukuphuzwa yizilwane, futhi aphephile uma esetshenziselwa ukunisela izitshalo, futhi lawa ngamanzi okungamele aphuzwe ngabantu uma engakahlanzwa ngendlela efanele. Ikhwalithi yamanzi ihlonzwa ngokuhlola izinto eziqukethwe ngamanzi, okusho, izibhidi nokungcola okutholakala kulawo manzi ahlolwayo. Amanzi okuphuza aphakelwa abantu ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni ahlolwa ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi kulezi zinsuku sekungumsebenzi olula kakhulu futhi osheshayo wokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali, njengoba sekuthuthukiswe izindlela zokuhlola amanzi ezilula ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngamalabholethri amaningi impela. Sekukhona ngisho nezindlela zokuhlola amanzi emithonjeni yawo, ngaphandle kokuthi athwale asiwe emalabholethri, kodwa-ke ukunemba kwalolo hlobo lokuhlola amanzi akuphakeme njengokuhlolwa kwamanzi kwangempela okwenziwa emalabholethri anazo zonke izinsiza nemishini yokuhlola amanzi ngendlela efanele. Amanzi okuphuza kumele abe sezingeni elilingana nezindinganiso eziqine kakhulu ezibekiwe. Lezi zindinganiso zikubeka ngokucacile ukuthi amanzi kumele abe nomthamo wengxube yamakhemikhali ongaphansi kwezinga elithile elibekiwe, futhi amanzi okuphuza akufanele neze abe nezinto ezinobungozi noma ezinoshevu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhi yi-Escherichia Coli noma i-E. coli. I-E. coli itholakala ezintweni eziqukethe indle futhi ingadala izifo eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ezibulalayo kubantu. Ukuba khona kwe-E. coli kuhlala njalo kubonisa ukuthi umthombo wamanzi uqukethe indle engcolisa amanzi. Amazinga abekiwe aqondene namanzi aphuzwa ngabantu cishe ayalingana emhlabeni wonke jikelele, kodwa-ke kwamanye amazwe ukuthotshelwa kwamazinga abekiwe akuphoqelelwa ngendlela efanayo. Amanzi angcolile aphuma emisebenzini ethile eyenziwa ezimayini aqukethe imisebe enobungozi, ushevu noma ezinye izinto ezinobungozi (bheka i-“hazardous waste”) futhi akufanele neze asetshenziswe ukwenza nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi futhi kumele ahlanzwe noma akhucululwe ngaphambi kokuba achithwe noma adedelwe ayongena kwimvelo. Njengamanje lolu wudaba olusematheni eNingizimu Afrika njengoba izimayini eziningi zikhiqiza amanzi anobungozi, angena kwimvelo. Lezi zimayini bezingakaze zifakwe ngaphansi kwemithetho yakuleli ekhona njengamanje, kanye nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho-ke seziphelelwe yisikhathi izinkambiso zalezi zimayini zokuhlanzwa nokukhucululwa kwamanzi angcolile eziwakhiqizayo, futhi lezo zinkambiso aziyikhathaleli imvelo noma abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezisezansi kwalapho zikhiphela khona amanzi azo angcolile. Kodwa-ke kuyaduduza ukwazi ukuthi embonini yezokudla kusetshenziswa kuphela amanzi asezingeni eliphezulu impela, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezikhiqiza ukudla kwabantwana kanye nobisi oluyimpuphu oludliwa ngabantwana. Amanzi ajwayelekile aphakelwa abantu abahlala emadolobheni eNingizimu Afrika asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, kepha-ke noma kunjalo awakulungele neze ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kobisi lwabantwana oluyimpuphu futhi adinga ukuthi aphinde ahlanzwe futhi akhucululwe ngaphambi kokuba asetshenziselwe lowo msebenzi.
