Help
ithiyori — isiZulu
U-Albert Einstein wathi “amathiyori yizinto ezakhiwa ngumqondo womuntu ngokukhululeka”. Lesi sicaphuno asisitsheli ukuthi kahle-kahle yini ithiyori, futhi kungabamangalisa abantu abaningi ukuzwa ukuthi akekho umuntu ongalichaza ngendlela egculisayo itemu elithi “ithiyori”. Kepha-ke nakuba kunjalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwethiyori kuwumongo wazo zonke izincazelo, futhi awukho umbono noma incazelo engenayo ithiyori. Empeleni ithiyori wuhlelo lwezitatimende ezilekelelayo ekutheni abantu baqonde imibono ethile esuselwa ezintweni eziphathekayo. Indlela elula kakhulu yokuchaza ithiyori, wukuchaza ithiyori “njengolimi” lokuxoxisana ngalawo maqiniso ehlose ukuwachaza ithiyori. Amathiyori ezesayensi adumile yi-plate tectonics (ithiyori yokwakheka komhlaba ngamakhekheba amapuleti amakhulukazi), survival of the fittest (ukusinda noma ukuphumelela kwezinto ezinamandla) (bheka i-“natural selection”), ukuphela nokushabalala kwezinto eziphilayo, uguqukosimo (evolution) (bheka i-“evolution” kanye ne-“natural selection”), intuthuko yezindawo ezisemadolobheni, intuthuko yezomnotho kanye noguquko lomphakathi (bheka i-“development”). Wonke amamodeli ejografi asekelwe phezu kwethiyori ethile. Amanye amathiyori ayafakazeleka ngokuqagela ngobuhlakani emva kobukela izinto ezithile ezibonakala ngamehlo noma emva kokwenza ama-eksperimenti, kepha futhi amanye awafakazeleki, ngakho-ke wona awayona imibonosiqagelo eyenziwa ngobuhlakani noma amahayiphothesisi, kodwa ayiziqagelo nje noma amaphostulethi angenakuqinisekiswa ukuthi ayiqiniso noma cha. Kepha-ke, esikhathini esiningi amathiyori ejografi ayaqinisekiseka ngokufakazi obuningi obubambekayo obungama-paradigm (izinhlaka zemigomo yokucabanga nokwenza) olwazi lwejografi.
