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i-meta data — isiZulu
Lena idatha kanye nolwazi oluphathelene nedatha. Kunoma iluphi ucwaningo olwenziwa ngokubheka izinto ngamehlo noma ngokwenza i-eksperimenti (empirical) kuqoqwa idatha, kodwa-ke akuyona yonke idatha eqoqiwe ezoba nekhwalithi efanayo noma uhlobo olufanayo. Enye yale datha izogxila kwikhwalithi (qualitative) kanti enye izogxila ebuningini bezinto ezicwaningwayo (quantitative). I-qualitative kanye ne-quantitative data kudinga izindlela zokuhlaziya ezihlukene. Umcwaningi kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi ahlaziye ubunjalo, ukunemba kanye nokuthembakala kwedatha ayiqoqile. Kunoma imuphi umbiko wocwaningo kusemqoka ukuchaza ikhwalithi yedatha (bheka i-“primary data”). Umcwaningi kumele futhi avume futhi akuveze uma kukhona idatha engathembakali kahle, achaze ukuthi kungani ingathembakali futhi anikeze isizathu esizwakalayo sokuthi kungani eyisebenzisile nakuba ingathembakali. Yonke imiphumela etholakale ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha enokungathembakali okuthile kumele ihlolisiswe ngokucophelela. Kwezinye izinhlobo zocwaningo umuntu angaqoqa idatha eningi ethembakalayo kakhulu kanye nedatha enokungathembakali okuthile. Kuleso simo-ke, kuyancipha ukwethenjwa kwemiphumela yocwaningo kulingane nezinga laleyo datha enokungathembakali okukhulu, nakuba idatha eningi eqoqiwe iyidatha enokuthembakala okuphakeme impela. Uma yonke idatha esetshenzisiwe ocwaningweni kuyidatha enekhwalithi ephansi (ebonisa ukuthembakala okusezingeni eliphansi) nemiphumela yayo izoletha ungabazane futhi umbiko walokho okutholwe wucwaningo noma iziphetho zocwaningo kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu. Kunenqwaba yezizathu ezihlukahlukene zokuthi kungani idatha ethile ingeyekhwalithi ephansi futhi lokhu kungenzeka kunoma yilupho uhlobo lwe-empirical research. Kuwo wonke ama-empirical research, i-meta data isemqoka kakhulu ngoba phela iyona ebonisayo ukuthi imiphumela yezinto ezitholwe wucwaningo iyathembakala noma cha. (Bheka i-“primary data”.)
