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ukucekeleka phansi kwendawo yemvelo lapho kuphila khona izilwane nezimila — isiZulu
Ukuguquka kakhulu noma ukuguquka ngokuphelele komphakathi wezinto eziphilayo kanye/noma izinto ezingaphili ezitholakala endaweni ethile ngesikhathi esithile futhi okuyizinto ezakha i-ekhosistimu yaleyo ndawo (bheka i-“ecosystem”, “ecology” kanye ne-“extinction”). Izinto eziphilayo (izilwane, izinambuzane, izitshalo, amagciwane kanye nabantu imbala, abaphila kuleyo ndawo ngaleso sikhathi) umphakathi kanye nendlela yokuphila ndawonye lapho into ephilayo eyodwa ithembele kwenye noma incike kwenye ukuze ikwazi ukuziphilisa. Zonke izilwane kanye nezimila zemvelo ezitholakala kwi-ekhosistimu ethile zakheke ngendlela ehambelana kahle nezimo ezilethwa noma ezibangelwa yizinto ezingaphili (amadwala, umhlabathi, amanzi, izingakushisa lomkhathi, uhlobo lwesimo sezulu, njalo njalo). Uma uguquko lulukhulu kakhulu futhi/noma lwenzeka ngesivinini esiphakeme, kangangokuthi izinto eziphilayo ziyahluleka ukuguqula isimo sazo ukuze sihambelane nezimo ezintsha, umphakathi wezinto eziphilayo kumele uthuthe kuleyo ndawo uye kwenye, noma-ke ufe noma ushabalale (bheka i-“extinction”). Indawo lapho kuphila khona izinto zemvelo ingaguquka noma icekeleke phansi ngenxa yezimo zemvelo, futhi lokhu kungenzeka kancane kancane noma kwenzeke ngokushesha. Isibonelo sokuguquka kwemvelo okwenzeka kancane kancane wukuqala kwenkathi yeqhwa ehambisana nokwehla okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa emhlabeni (okusho ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokwemvelo [bheka i-“climate change”]). Isibonelo sokuguquka kwemvelo okusheshayo wukuqubuka kwentabamlilo noma ukuwa kwetshekazi elivela ekhathini, kodwa-ke lezi yizigameko eziyivelakancane kakhulu. Ukuguquka okubangelwa yizenzo zabantu (okubizwa ngama-anthropogenic causes) kwenzeka ngokushesha uma kubhekwa ngokwezikhathi eziphathelene nokwakheka komhlaba (geological time) kepha kubukeka sengathi kwenzeka esikhathini eside impela uma kubhekwa ngokwesikhathi sabantu (human time). Qhathanisa isivinini i-frontend loader esusa ngaso inqwaba yesihlabathi nesivinini sokuguguleka ngokwemvelo kwezimvithi zokukhumuzeka kwamadwala (bheka i-“erosion”). Abantu benza umonakalo omkhulu kwindawo yemvelo ngokwakha amabhilidi, izindawo zokuhlalisa abantu, izinhlelo zokuthuthwa kwendle, imigwaqo, ngokususa izitshalo endaweni okuzokwakhiwa kuyona, ngokumpompa amanzi bawakhiphe emaxhaphozini, ngokuguqula amadlelo abe ngamasimu okulima, njalo njalo. Kulezi zimo-ke kuyacaca ukuthi ukucekeleka phansi kwendawo yemvelo kwenzeka ngokushesha, futhi kunezigidi ngezigidi zamahekthare omhlaba osuguquleke kangangokuthi ngeke neze uphinde ubuyiseleke esimweni sawo saphambilini, futhi secekeleke phansi nendawo yemvelo obekuphila kuyona inqwaba yezilwane nezitshalo. Kodwa-ke kukhona nezinye izenzo ezimbi kakhulu ezidala umonakalo olingana nalona noma ngaphezulu, kepha ezingagqamile futhi ezinganakekile. Indawo kanokusho enamakhaya okuhlalisa abantu eyakhelene nenkundla yegalofu iyisibonelo esihle salokhu. Uma le ndawo ibhekwa ngasohlangothini lwemvelo, inobungozi obukhulu kwimvelo futhi idala umonakalo ongaphezulu kakhulu kokuzingelwa kwezilwane zasendle. Amabala okudlalelwa kuwona igalofu, amahlashana ezihlala ezingumsinsi wokuzimilela kanye nezimila zemvelo ezitholakala phakathi kwamabala okudlalelwa kuwona igalofu, kanye nemifudlana yokuzakhela etholakala lapho, konke kubukeka kukuhle ngendlela emangalisayo, kangangokuthi akufiki nakancane emiqondweni yabantu abathanda igalofu ukuthi muningi umonakalo wokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo owenzekile lapho ngenkathi kwakhiwa inkundla yegalofu. Ukwakhiwa kwenkundla yegalofu, ingasaphathwa-ke nje eyokwakhiwa kwendawo kanokusho enamakhaya okuhlalisa abantu eduze kwenkundla yegalofu, kusho ukucekeleka phansi ngokuphelele kwendawo yemvelo okuphila kuyona izilwane nezitshalo. Ngenkathi indawo yemvelo ihlukaniswa ibe yiziqeshana ezihlukene lokho kusho ukuthi sekwenzeke i-habitat fragmentation, okusho ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo yemvelo okuphila kuyona izilwane nezitshalo ibe yizingcezu (bheka i-“extinction”) futhi sizokwehla isimo sempilo kuleyo ndawo futhi sigcine sesiwohlokile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma sikuguke sibe yisimo esihluke kakhulu, noma ingxenye enkulu yendawo yemvelo igcine isithathwe yizinhlelo nemiklamo eyakhiwe ngabantu. Sekuphele amakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka ukucekelwa phansi nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo yemvelo kudala umonakalo omkhulu kwimvelo, futhi lowo monakalo yiwona oyimbangela enkulu yokushabalala kwezilwane nezitshalo emhlabeni. Izinkulungwane ngezinkulungwane zezilwane nezitshalo sezishabalele ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo yemvelo ibe yiziqeshana. Iningi lezilwane nezitshalo ezibhalwe kuma-Red Data Lists (imibhalo ehlinzeka ngoluhlu lwazo zonke izilwane nezitshalo ezisengcupheni enkulu kakhulu, noma ezisengcupheni enkulu impela, noma-ke nje lezo ezisengcupheni) zisengcupheni yokushabalala ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo yemvelo eziphila kuyona. Ibhele elibizwa nge-panda bear (eselaba yi-logo [uphawu] ye-World Wildlife Fund [WWF]) lisengcupheni enkulu kakhulu ngenxa yokulahleka nokucekeleka phansi kwemvelo eliphila kuyona. Izilwanyazane esizengcupheni enkulu kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, okuwuvemvane i-Brenton Blue butterfly kanye nenkonjane i-Blue Swallow, zisengcupheni ngenxa yokulahleka nokucekeleka phansi kwemvelo eziphila kuyona. Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezisengcupheni enkulu yokushabalala, okubikwa ngazo kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, okuwubhejane omnyama kanye nobhejane omhlophe, zisengcupheni ngenxa yokuzingelwa ngendlela engekho emthethweni, hhayi ngenxa yokulahleka nokucekeleka phansi kwemvelo eziphila kuyona.
