isivuvu somhlaba — isiZulu

Ukukhula kwamazingakushisa emhlabeni okwenzeka okungenani esikhathini esingamashuminyaka amaningana impela, okukholakala ukuthi kubangelwa ngamazinga aphakeme esikhutha neminye imimoya engcolile ebizwa ngama-“greenhouse gasses” (njenge-CO2, CO kanye ne-methane [CH4]) ekhiqizwa yizenzo nemisebenzi yabantu ikhuphuke iye emkhathini. Le mimoya “ibamba” amagagasi amade emisebe yokushisa esabalalayo (radiation) evela emhlabeni eya emkhathini futhi ngenxa yalokho-ke, uhlelo lomhlaba nomkhathi lugcina amandla okushisa okuningi okungaphezulu kwalokho obeluzokubamba ukuba ayengekho ama-greenhouse gasses. Ithiyori iveza ukuthi isimo sezulu emhlabeni siguquka ngesivinini esikhulu ngendlela engajwayelekile futhi isimo sezulu esishisayo sesigcwele kuwo wonke umhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo esabe sikhona eminyakeni eyikhulu eyadlula. Lokhu akusho ukuthi izingakushisa lansukuzonke emhlabeni lingaphezulu kakhulu kunalokho elabe liyikona eminyakeni engama-50 kuya kweyi-100 eyadlula, ngakho-ke kungumsebenzi onzima ukufakazela lokhu njengoba kuvamile ukuthi njalo kube nezikhathi lapho kubanda khona ngendlela engajwayelekile ebusika okwenza kube nzima ukufakazela le thiyori (isibonelo salokhu wubusika obabubanda ngendlela exakile ngowezi-2010-2011 kanye nowezi-2012-2013 ezwekazini lase-Europe kanye nase-North America). Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso sezingakushisa elimaphakathi elibonakale kule minyaka edlule engama-30 noma ngaphezulu sikhombisa ukuba ngaphezudlwana kwezingakushisa elabe likhona eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule. Lokhu kukhula kancane kancane kokushisa kwesimo sezulu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi yizenzo zabantu njengokukhiqizwa komthamo omkhulukazi wezingxube eziqukethe ikhabhoni eningi uyongena phezulu emkhathini (bheka i-“air pollution”), kodwa-ke kunzima kakhulu ukufakazela nokuqinisekisa lo mbono futhi basebaningi impela abantu abangakukholwa lokhu. Noma kanjani akungabazeki ukuthi siyaguquka isimo sezulu emhlabeni, kodwa lokhu kuyinqubo ejwayelekile ebilokhu yenzeka futhi iphindaphindeka (empeleni ngokuqhubekayo) eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ngezinkulungwane. Empeleni, uhlaka lokwakheka komkhathi womhlaba belulokhu luguquke njalo ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ekwakhiweni komhlaba eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizi-4 500 eyadlula. Lesi sigaba esikhona njengamanje sokushisa komhlaba sivamise ukubonakala njengento ebangelwa yizenzo zabantu, okuyizona ezidala ukungcoliseka komkhathi ngenxa yokushiswa kweziphehlamandla ezimbiwa phansi, kodwa-ke kunososayensi abaningi emhlabeni abakholelwa ukuthi izenzo zabantu zidlala indima encane kakhulu kulokhu uma kuqhathaniswa nomonakalo owenziwa yimvelo ngokwayo. Izibalo zibonisa ngokungenakuphikiswa ukuthi umthamo we-CO2 (carbon dioxide) emkhathini ukhule okungenani ngama-15% kusukela ngowe-1890 futhi izingakushisa lomhlaba likhule ngo-0,5˚C ngekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili, kodwa-ke asikho isiqiniseko esiphelele sembangela yalokhu. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, sekukhiqizwe umthamo omkhulukazi wama-greenhouse gasses okhuphukayo uyongena emkhathini cishe kusukela ngowe-1850. Umbuzo omkhulu wukuthi ingabe lokhu kubangelwa ngamazingakushisa aphakeme abonakalayo kulezi zinsuku? Ngamanye amazwi, ingabe izenzo zabantu yizona ezibangela ukufudumala komkhathi? Lokhu kuyinto esingakwazi ukuyiqinisekisa nokuyifakazela, kodwa-ke ngokubona kwethu nembala kunjalo. Njengoba isivuvu somhlaba sizoba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ezimpilweni zabantu emhlabeni, siluthatha njengodaba olubucayi kakhulu udaba lwesivuvu somhlaba, kangangokuthi sibamba izingqungquthela zamazwe ngamazwe ngokulandelana njengomzamo wokunqanda nokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwama-greenhouse gasses, kodwa-ke incane kakhulu impumelelo eseyizuziwe kuze kube manje.

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