ukwahluka kwezinsiza zemvelo — isiZulu

Ukwahluka kwezici nobunjalo bezinto ngokwendawo, noma ngokwesikhathi. Imvelo yomhlaba ibonisa umehluko omningi impela kusuka esifundeni esithile kuya kwesinye, okuyinto ebonisayo ukuthi imiphumela etholakale ocwaningweni kanye izinqumo ezithathiwe mayelana nendawo ethile ngeke kuvele kusetshenziswe nje kwenye indawo efanayo emhlabeni wonke jikelele. Azikho izifunda eziwugwadule ezimbili ezifana ngokuphelele kuyo yonke imikhakha; awekho amahlathi amabili angama-equatorial forests afana ngokuphelele, ngokunjalo nazo zonke izindawo kanye nezifunda zemvelo. Ngokufanayo, idolobha ngalinye lihlukile kwamanye futhi nezindawo ezingaphakathi kwedolobha nazo zihlukile. Izici kanye nobunjalo bendawo ngayinye emhlabeni – kungakhathalekile ukuthi incane kanjani – inezinto kanye nezimo eziningi ezingafani ezitholakala kuleyo ndawo kuphela futhi akumele neze sicabange ukuthi into eyenzeka noma etholakala endaweni noma esifundeni esithile iyenzeka noma iyatholakala nakwezinye izindawo noma izifunda ezifanayo. Izindawo noma izifunda ezihlukahlukene zingaba nezici ezifanayo, kodwa futhi kungenzeka zibe nezici eziningi impela ezingafani nakancane nalezo ezikwezinye izindawo noma izifunda. Ngakho-ke, asikwazi ukuvele sicabange ukuthi “ziyafana” lezo zifunda ezicishe zibe nezici ezifanayo noma iqoqwana lezici ezifanayo. Kumele kuhlale kuyinto ekhona njalo emqondweni wesazi sejografi ukuhluka ngokwendawo. Ukuba khona kokuhluka kwezinsiza zemvelo okuningi kangaka emhlabeni kwakha umgomo wobunjalo obuhlukile kwezinye izinto (wobunjalo obunobungqayizivele) kuJografi. Lo mgomo obaluleke kakhulu kangaka ugxile kwelokuthi azikho izindawo ezimbili ezifana ncamashi. Umgomo wobunjalo obuhlukile usemqoka kakhulu kuJografi lapho sivamise ukucabangela noma ukwenza izitatimende ezibanzi futhi siqoqelanise ndawonye izinto ezifanayo futhi sibheke izici ezifanayo ezindaweni ezincane ezingaphakathi ezweni elithile kanye nasezindaweni ezinkulukazi emhlabeni jikelele. Kuyiqiniso impela ukuthi zikhona izifunda noma izindawo ezingaba nezici eziningi ezifanayo, kepha noma kunjalo kusazoba khona nezinye izici eziningi ezithanda ukwehluka kancane noma-ke ezihluke kakhulu. Konke lokhu kungaphansi komgomo wejografi oyisisekelo wokwahluka ngokwendawo (bheka i-“spatial variation”).

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