Acknowledgments

The task to compile a glossary of geographical terminology for use by the Department of Geography of the University of South Africa (Unisa) commenced in 2011. At that stage, Dr Sux Zietsman (a retired staff member of the department) was appointed to develop a glossary of geographical terminology, based on terms used in the undergraduate modules being taught in the department. The task was completed at the end of 2013, and the department started to use this glossary in 2014 as mechanism to support students with their understanding of the content of the modules being taught. It was a document based glossary, and was uploaded as an additional resource on the websites of all modules taught by the Department of Geography on myUnisa (the learning management system of the university on the internet). This original glossary as developed by Dr Zietsman was available in English and Afrikaans, and constitutes two-thirds of the terms which have been included in the current interactive electronic version of the glossary. The comprehensive contribution by Dr Zietsman to the development of the original Geography glossary is hereby acknowledged.

A further development occurred from 2018 onwards, with the translation of the Geography glossary into isiZulu and Sesotho sa Leboa (also known as Northern Sotho) by staff members of the Language Services department of Unisa. These translated versions of the glossary were finally ready for use in 2020, and were added to the existing English and Afrikaans Geography glossaries on myUnisa, where they are available for Geography students to use. Since the document based glossaries are cumbersome to use, the need to have the glossary available in an interactive format on a freely accessible electronic platform, was subsequently identified in 2018. As a result Dr Gideon Kotzé was appointed on a contract in 2020, with the task to convert the document based Geography glossary to an interactive electronic format, so that students would be able to engage with it in an easier, quicker and more flexible way than with glossaries which are document based. The hope is that students will be more inclined to use the electronic version of the Geography glossary than would be the case with the document based version.

At the stage that the work to convert the glossary of geographical terminology to an interactive electronic format commenced, two additional developments lead to the glossary to be expanded to its current total of 300 terms.

The first development to mention and acknowledge, is the contribution by the Department of Ornamental Horticulture at Unisa. This department developed a comprehensive glossary of roundabout 800 terms for the modules they offer, and gave the Department of Geography permission to use it as well. A total of 44 terms and their explanations were subsequently extracted from the Ornamental Horticulture glossary, and were merged into the Geography glossary.

The second development to mention and acknowledge, is the contribution by Paul Bolstad, author of GIS Fundamentals: A First Text on Geographic Information Systems, Fifth Edition, Eider Press (2016), who provided permission for the extraction of a selection of GIS terms and their definitions, descriptions or explanations from the latter book, and to include it in the interactive electronic version of the Geography glossary.

Sources consulted with the compilation of the Geography glossary

References to the literature have deliberately been omitted from the definitions, descriptions or explanations of the terms in the online Geography glossary in order to avoid cluttering and to make the text readable. A list of some of the sources consulted during the development of the glossary is provided in the following list, which includes a multitude of seminal and authoritative works. Except in the case of the GIS terminology which have been extracted with permission by the author (Paul Bolstad) form the book GIS Fundamentals: A First Text on Geographic Information Systems, Fifth Edition, XanEdu (2016), no other definition, description or explanation has in its entirety been lifted from one or more sources.

    A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1976. London: Pan Books.

    A Dictionary of Life Sciences. 1976. London: Pan Books.

    A Dictionary of Life Sciences. 1976. London: Pan Books.

    Agenda 21: an agenda for sustainable development into the 21st century. 1998. Pretoria: Department of Environmental and Tourism.

    Allaby M. 1998. A dictionary of plant sciences (2nd edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Anderson SH, Bieswenger & Purdom PW. 1993. Environmental Science (4th ed). New York: Macmillan.

    Arts J & Nooteboom S. 1999. Environmental impact assessment monitoring and auditing: Handbook of environmental impact assessment, edited by Petts J. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Aryeetey-Attoh S (ed). 1997. Geography of Sub-Saharan African. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

    Attfield R. 1983. The Ethics of Environmental Concern. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Attfield R. 1994. Environmental Philosophy: Principles and Prospects. Aldershot: Avebury.

    Attfield R. 1999. The Ethics of the Global Environment. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Avery TE & Berlin GL. 1985. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing and Airphoto Interpretation. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

    Barnard D 1999. Environmental Law for all. Pretoria: Impact Books.

    Barnard D, Barnard C, Friend F & Visser H. 2005. Road map to Environmental Legislation. Pretoria: Impact Books.

    Barnard WS. 2001. Concepts of Geography. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch.

    Barrow CJ. 2006. Environmental Management for Sustainable Development. New York: Routledge.

    Barry RG & Chorley RJ. 1968. Atmosphere, weather and climate. (3rd edition). London: Methuen.

    Barry RG & Chorley RJ. 1982. Atmosphere, weather and climate. (4th edition). London: Methuen.

    Bell M. 1986. Contemporary Africa: development, culture and the state. New York: Wiley.

    Bergman EF & Renwick WH. 1999. Introduction to Geography: People, Places and Environment. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

    Binns T. (ed). 1995. People and Environment in Africa. New York: Wiley.

    Birch TW. 1964. Maps: Topological and Statistical. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Bonner R. 1993. At the hand of man: peril and hope for Africa’s wildlife. London: Simon & Schuster.

    Bolstad, P. 2016. GIS Fundamentals: A First Text on Geographic Information Systems, Fifth Edition. White Bear Lake: Eider Press.

    Brown JH & Gibson AC. 1983. Biogeography. London: Mosby Company.

    Camp WG & Daugherty TB. 1991. Managing our Natural Resources (2nd ed). New York: Delmar Publishers Inc.

    Carson R. 1962. Silent spring. London: Penguin Books.

    Chambers’s Technical Dictionary. 1953. London: Chambers.

    Chapman JL & Reiss MJ. 1999. Ecology Principles and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chiras DD. 2001. Environmental science (6th ed). Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett.

    Chorley RJ (ed). 1973. Directions in Geography. London: Methuen.

    Chorley RJ & Haggett P. 1967. Integrated models in Geography. London: Methuen.

    Chorley RJ & Haggett P (eds). 1967. Physical and Information Models in Geography. London: Methuen.

    Chorley RJ & Kennedy BA. 1971. Physical Geography: a systems approach. London: Prentice-Hall International.

    Cole JP & King CAM. 1968. Quantitative Geography: Techniques and theories in Geography. London: John Wiley & Sons.

    Collins Dictionary of the English Language. (2nd ed.) 1986. London: Collins.

    Collins English Dictionary. 2006. London: Collins.

    Collins New World Thesaurus. 1971. London: Collins.

    Daintith J (ed). 1976. A dictionary of physical sciences. London: Pan Books.

    Davidson DA. 1978. Science for Physical Geography. London: Edward Arnold.

    Department of Agricultural Technical Services. 1977. Soil Classification: a binomial system for South Africa. Pretoria: The Department of Agricultural Technical Services.

    Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. 1992(a). The Integrated Environmental Management Procedure: Guideline Document 1. Pretoria: Government Printer.

    Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. 1992(b). The Integrated Environmental Management Procedure: Guideline Document 2. Pretoria: Government Printer.

    Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. 1997. White Paper on Environmental Management Policy for South Africa. Pretoria: Government Printer.

    Departement of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). 1999. State of the Environment in South Africa – an overview. Pretoria: DEAT.

    Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). 2000. Strategic Environmental Assessment in South Africa. Pretoria: DEAT.

    Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa (DWAF). 1996. Water Law Principles. Pretoria: DWAF.

    Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT). 2002. Screening: Integrated environmental management information series. 2002. Pretoria: DEAT.

    Dictionary.com. 2022. Website - https://www.dictionary.com/ Detroit, MI: Rock Holdings Inc.

    Dictionary of Geology. 1996. Pretoria: South African Council for Geosciences.

    Dilley L, Earle J, Keats G & Ravenscroft G. 2005. Focus on Geography, Grade 10. Durban: Maskew Miller Longman.

    Dilley L, Earle J, Keats G, Ravenscroft G & Euston-Brown G. 2005. Focus on Geography, Grade 11. Durban: Maskew Miller Longman.

    Dovers S (ed). 2002. South Africa’s Environmental History: Cases and Comparisons. Cape Town: David Philip publishers.

    Ethics, Place and Environment. 2000. Vol 3 No1. Philadelphia: Carfax Publishing.

    Fernie J & Pihetkethly AS. 1986. Resources and Environmental Resources; Environmental & Policy. London: Harper & Row.

    Fisher JS (ed). 1995. Geography and Development: A World Regional Approach. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

    Finlayson B & Statham I. 1980. Hillslope analysis. London: Butterworths.

    Ford MJ. 1982. The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna. London: Allen and Unwin.

    Foth HD. 1978. Fundamentals of Soil Science. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Friend JFC. 2003. Environmental Management in South Africa: the blue model. Pretoria: Impact Books.

    Friedman LF. 2006. The World is Flat: the globalized world in the twenty-first century. London: Penguin Books.

    Fuggle RE & Rabie MA. 1992. Environmental Management in South Africa. Cape Town: Juta & Co.

    Gedzelman SD. 1980. The Science and Wonders of the Atmosphere. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Getis A, Getis J, Fellmann JD. 1996. Introduction to Geography (5th edition). Boston: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.

    Gilpin A. 1976. Dictionary of Environmental Terms. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Glasson J, Therivel R & Chadwick A. 1994. Introduction to environmental impact assessment. London: University College of London.

    Glazewski J. 2000. Environmental law in South Africa. Durban: Butterworths.

    Goudie A 1981. The Human Impact: Man’s Role in Environmental Change. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Goudie A (ed). 1990. The Human Impact on the Natural Environment. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Goudie A. 1990. The Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physical Geography. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Goudie A. 1993. The Nature of the Environment. (3rd edition). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Goudie A. 1995. The changing Earth. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Gregory S. 1973. Statistical methods and the Geographer (3rd ed). London: Longman.

    Grove AT. 1989. The changing geography of Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Hagggett P. 1975. Geography: A Modern Synthesis (2nd ed). New York: Harper & Row.

    Hance W. 1964. The Geography of Modern Africa. London: Columbia University Press.

    Harber A. 2011. Diepsloot. Cape Town: Jonathan Ball.

    Harmse A, Pretoius RW, Vlok AC, Zietsman S. 2000. Ken jou Wêreld: Inleiding tot Geografie. Studiegids vir GGH101-Q. Pretoria: Universiteit van Suid-Afrika.

    Harmse A, Pretoius RW, Vlok AC, Zietsman S. 2000. Know your World: Introduction to Geography. Study Guide for GGH101-Q. Pretoria: University of South Africa.

    Harmse A, Pretoius RW, Vlok AC, Zietsman S. 2000. Wêreldvraagstukke: ‘n Geografiese Perspektief. Studiegids vir GGH102-R. Pretoria: Universiteit van Suid-Afrika.

    Harmse A, Pretoius RW, Vlok AC, Zietsman S. 2000. World Issues: a Geographical Perspective. Study Guide for GGH102-R. Pretoria: University of South Africa.

    Harvey D. 1973. Explanation in Geography. London: Edward Arnold.

    Hilton-Taylor C. 1996. Red Data List of Southern African Plants. Pretoria: National Botanical Institute.

    Hobbs JJ. 2007. Fundamentals of World Regional Geography. United States: Thomson Learning.

    Hugo ML. 2004. Environmental Management: an ecological guide to sustainable living in Southern Africa. Pretoria: Ecoplan.

    Hugo ML, Viljoen AT & Meeuwis JM. 1997. The ecology of natural resource management. Pretoria: Kagiso.

    Johnston RJ & Taylor PJ. 1986. A World in Crisis? London: Blackwell.

    Jones CF & Darkenwald GG. Economic Geography: an introduction. (3rd ed). New York: Collier-Macmillan.

    Jones K & Moon G. 1987. Health, Disease and Society: an introduction to medical Geography. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Kent A (ed). 1985. Perspectives on a Changing Geography. Sheffield: The Geographical Association.

    Kolars JF & Nystuen JD. 1974. Geography: The study of location, culture and environment. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Kolars JF & Nystuen JD. 1975. Physical Geography: Environment and man. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Kritzinger MSB, Schoonees PC, Cronjé UJ & Eksteen LC. 1986. Groot Woordeboek: Afrikaans – Engels. Pretoria: JL van Schaik.

    Lee N & George C. 2000. Environmental Assessment in Developing and Transitional Countries. Chicester: Wiley.

    Liebenberg EC. 1986. Techniques for Geographers: Book 1. Durban: Butterworths.

    Lovelock J. 1995. The ages of Gaia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Marsh WM. 1988. Landscape Planning: environmental applications. (3rd edition). New York: Wiley.

    Mather AS. 1986. Land use. London: Longman.

    Matthews WM. 1970. Geology made simple. London: Doubleday & Company.

    Maxwell G. 1960. Ring of bright water. London: Longmans.

    McBoyle G (ed). 1973. Climate in review. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    McCullagh P. 1974. Science in Geography: Data use and interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    McCullagh P. 1978. Concepts in Geomorphology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    McKinney ML & Schoch. 2003. Environmental Science: Systems and Solutions. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

    Miller GT. 1979. Living in the Environment (2nd ed). Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

    Miller GT. 1982. Living in the Environment (3rd ed). Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing.

    Miller GT. 2002. Sustaining the Earth (5th ed). Belmont: Brooks/Cole.

    Miller GT. 2004. Living in the Environment (13th ed.). USA: Thomson.

    Miller GT. 2007. Living in the Environment (15th ed). USA: Thomson.

    Moseley F. 1979. Advanced Geological Interpretation. London: Edward Arnold.

    Moore WG. 1977. A dictionary of Geography (5th ed). New York: Penguin.

    Müller D. 2003. Skryf Afrikaans van A tot Z. Kaapstad: Pharos.

    Munnik MC & Zietsman S. 1995. Environmental Evaluation and Management. Study Guide for HGEMAN-P. Pretoria: University of South Africa.

    Munnik MC & Zietsman S. 1995. Omgewingsevaluasie en –bestuur. Studiegids vir HGEMAN-P. Pretoria: Universiteit van Suid-Afrika.

    Nebel BJ. 1981. Environmental Science: the way the world works. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

    Nel A, Craig JH, Jansen JP, Oosthuizen AJG & Slapper.1973. Fisiese Aardrykskunde vir Seniors. Johannesburg: Afrikaanse Pers-Boekhandel.

    New RSA Atlas. 2005. London: Maskew Miller Longman.

    Nicolau MD & Rampedi IT. 2000. The African Challenge: people and environment. Study Guide for GGH201-T. Pretoria: University of South Africa.

    Odendal FF, Schonees PC, Swanepoel CJ, Du toit SJ, Booysen CM. 1991. Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal. Kaapstad: Perskor.

    Omara-Ojungu PH. 1992. Resource management in developing countries. London: Longman.

    O’Riordan T (ed).1995. Environmental Science for Environmental Management. London: Longmans.

    Petts J (ed). 1999. Handbook of environmental impact assessment. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Pounds NJG. 1963. Political Geography. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Porteous A. 2000. Dictionary of Environmental Science and Technology (3rd ed.). Chichester: John Wiley& Sons.

    Preston-Whyte RA & Tyson P. 1988. The atmosphere and weather of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.

    Raad vir Geowetenskappe van Suid-Afrika (RGW). Geologiewoordeboek. 1996. Pretoria: RGW.

    Rampedi I & Zietsman S. 2001. Environmental evaluation and impact assessment. Study Guide for GGH305-4. Pretoria: University of South Africa.

    Rampedi I & Zietsman S. 2001. Omgewingsevaluasie en impakanalise. Studiegids vir GGH305-4. Pretoria: Universiteit van Suid-Afrika.

    Reid DG (ed). 1999. Ecotourism Development in Eastern and Southern Africa. Canada: University of Guelph; published by Weaver Press: Harare, Zimbabwe.

    Russo MV (ed). 1999. Environmental Management: Readings and Cases. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.

    Russwurm LH & Sommerville E (eds). 1974. Man’s Natural Environment: A Systems Approach. Massachusetts: Duxbury Press.

    Sadler B. 1996. Environmental assessment in a changing world: evaluating practice to improve performance. Ottawa: Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency.

    Salisbury G & Salisbury L. 2003. The cruelest miles. New York: Norton.

    Salter CL & Hobbs JJ. 2003. Essentials of World Regional Geography (4th ed.). United States: Thomson.

    Seagar J. 1995. The state of the environmental atlas. London: Penguin.

    Shelly GB, Cashman TJ & Rosenblatt. 2003. Systems Analysis and Design (5th ed).

    Silk J. 1979. Statistical concepts in Geography. London: Allen & Unwin.

    Skinner M, Redfern D & Farmer G. 2003. Complete A-Z Geography Handbook (3rd ed). Lodon: Hodder & Stoughton.

    Smith LG. 1993. Impact assessment and sustainable resource management. Harlow: Longman.

    South African Institute for Environmental Assessment (SAIEA). 2003. Environmental Impact Assessment in Southern Africa. Windhoek: South African Institute for Environmental Assessment.

    Spencer EW. 1995. Geological Maps: A practical guide to the interpretation and preparation of geological maps. New York: Macmillan Company.

    Stiling P. 2012. Ecology: global insights & investigations. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Strahler AN & Strahler AH. 1983. Environmental Geoscience: Interactions between natural systems and man. Santa Barbara: Hamilton Publishing Company.

    Strahler AN & Strahler AH. 1974. Introduction to Environmental Science. New York: Hamilton publishing Company.

    Summer GN. 1978. Mathematics for Physical Geography. London: Edward Arnold.

    Taalkommissie van die Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns. 2002. Afrikaanse woordelys en spelreëls. Kaapstad: Pharos.

    Taylor PW. 1986. Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    TheFreeDictionary.com. 2022. Website - https://www.thefreedictionary.com/about.htm Feesterville: Farlex Inc.

    United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). 1996. Selected topics in environmental management. Paris: UNESCO.

    United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). 1996. Management of solid waste. New York: UNESCO.

    Van Heerden J & Hurry L. (s.a.) Southern Africa’s Weathered Patterns; An Introductory Guide. Cape Town: Acacia.

    Vegter JR. 1995. An explanation of a set of national groundwater maps. Pretoria: Water Research Commission.

    Vernon K. 1997. Ascent and dissent. Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball.

    Waugh D. 2002. Geography: An integrated approach. Oxford: Nelson Thomas.

    Whittow JB. 2000. Dictionary of Physical Geography. London: Penguin Books.

    Wood C. 1999. Pastiche or pastiche? Environmental impact assessment in South Africa. South African Geographical Journal 81(1): 52-59.

    World Commission or Environment and Development. 1987. Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Yeld J. 1997. Caring for the Earth: South Africa. Stellenbosch: World Wildlife Fund.

    Young A. 1972. Slopes. London: Longmans.

    Youthed JG. 2009. Assessing and managing the potential for compliance default of applications submitted in terms of South Africa’s impact assessment regulations. PhD thesis, University of South Africa. Unpublished.

    Zietsman S. 2004. Our Living Earth. Study Guide for GGH103-5. Pretoria: University of South Africa.