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electromagnetic spectrum, iqoqozinhlobo lezinto eziphathelene nozibuthegesi — isiZulu
Zonke izinto ezinezingakushisa (temperature) elevile kwizingakushisa eliphansi kunawo wonke (absolute zero), okusho izingakushisa elingu -273° Kelvin noma -495,4° Fahrenheit, zikhiqiza amandla kazibuthegesi angamagagasi anobude obuhlukahlukene futhi obungalingani. Ukukhanya okuvela elangeni kuqukethe izinhlobo eziningi zamazingampindwa (frequencies). Amanye alawa mazingampindwa awela ngaphansi kweqoqozinhlobo elibonakala ngamehlo, okungukuthi visible spectrum kanti-ke wonke amanye amazingampindwa okukhaya asele awabonakali ngamehlo. Ubude bamagagasi asukela ku-0,4 micron kuya ku-0,7 micron awela ngaphansi kweqoqozinhlobo elibonakala ngamehlo. Amagagasi amafushane yimisetshana esabukhwebezana (ultra-violet) kanye nama eksireyi angabonakali ngamehlo, futhi lawo amade ngaphezu kuka-0,7 microns yimisebe ebomvana engabonakali ngamehlo (infrared rays), namagagasi amancanyana (microwaves) kanye namagagasi omsakazo (radiowaves). Nakuba amehlo ethu engakwazi ukubona amagagasi anobude obuwela ngaphandle kweqoqozinhlobo elibonakala ngamehlo, amafilimu athile kanye namanye amadivayisi azwela ukukhanya, akwaziyo ukuzwa izinto ekude, ayakwazi ukuzwa amanye alawo mazingampindwa. Nakuba iso lomuntu elibuka kwikhamera ngenhloso yokuthwebula isithombe libona kuphela amazingampindwa okukhanya kwamaqoqozinhlobo abonakala ngamehlo, ifilimu engaphakathi kwi-khamera iyakwazi ukubona okungaphezulu kwalokho okubonwa yiso elibuka kwikhamera. Isizathu esisodwa esijwayelekile samazingampindwa okukhanya angabonakali ngamehlo ngamagagasi amafushane ama-eksireyi (X-rays) ayingxenye yobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokuhlonza izifo, futhi namuhla sekuyinto engacabangeki nakancane nje ukuthi usizo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungahlinzekwa ngaphandle kama-eksireyi. Ngokufanayo, ucwaningo lwendawo (spatial research) olwenziwa ngaphandle kosizo lwamagagasi amade abomvu selukushintshe kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe (ezithwetshuliwe) ocwaningweni lwejografi. Imifanekiso yobuso bomhlaba ethathwe ngamadivayisi asebenzisa imisebe ebomvana, ananyathiselwe kumasathelayithi emkhathini, isiyithuluzi lejografi elijwayelekile elibaluleke kakhulu futhi lokhu sekuwumkhakha okhethekile impela ongena ngaphansi kwesayensi yejografi. Kuyinto engacabangeki neze ukuthi lungenzeka ucwaningo lwendawo ngaphandle kwemifanekiso enjalo njengoba nesayensi yezokwelapha ingacabangeki nakancane ngaphandle kwezithombe ze-eksireyi.
