biological diversity, impilokwahlukana — isiZulu

Izitshalo kanye nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala endaweni ethile, indawo okutholakala kuyona izilwane nezitshalo (habitat), impilondawonye (ecosystem) noma indawo enkulukazi okutholakala kuyona izilwane nezitshalo (ecozone). Lokhu kubandakanya zonke zonke izinto eziphilayo ezitholakala endaweni ethile. Esikhathini esiningi abantu ababandakanywa ocwaningweni lwe-biodiversity, kodwa-ke kumele ngokwempela babandakanywe. Izindawo eziningi emhlabeni ziqukethe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziningi eziphilayo. Indawo ene-biodiversity ephansi yileyo ndawo lapho kutholakala izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziyingcosana kakhulu; indawo ene-biodiversity ephakeme yona ihluke kakhulu kulokhu okushiwo ngenhla ngoba phela yona inenqwaba yezinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo ezitholakala lapho. Amandla endawo ethile okuthwala nokuphilisa izinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene ancike ezimweni eziningana, njengesimo sezulu, uhlobo lomhlabathi, ibanga lokuphakama kwaleyo ndawo kusuka olwandle (altitude), kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabantu kuleyo ndawo. Izindawo ezinesihlabathi, ugwadule olushisayo, izindawo ezibandayo kanye nezindawo ezineqhwa eliningi yizindawo eziyisibonelo esihle sezindawo ezine-biodiversity ephansi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi izindawo ezinjengalezi azinazo izitshalo nezilwane eziphila lapho ngoba empeleni zikhona, kepha-ke ziyingcosana izinhlobo zalokhu ezitholakala lapho. Izindawo ezinamahlathi afudumele futhi ezinomswakama ziyakwazi ukugcina nokuphilisa izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo kanye nezilwane nezinambuzane eziningi futhi ezinhlobonhlobo futhi lezi yizindawo ezithathwa njengezindawo ezine-biodiversity ephakeme; lezi zindawo zibizwa ngokuthi ngamapharadesi ezilwane nezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo (biodiversity paradises). Esikhathini esedlule isiqhingi sase-Madagascar sasithathwa njengendawo ene-biodiversity ephakeme kakhulu – okuyi-biodiversity paradise yoqobo. Ngelishwa-ke, abantu sebezicekele phansi izitshalo nezilwane eziningi ebezitholakala kulesi siqhingi, ngokugawula amahlathi nokuzingela izinyamazane ngokweqile. Izilwane ezithile, njengenyoni i-dodo bird, sezizingelwe zaze zaphela nya futhi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokweqile kanye nokuguguleka komhlabathi sekucekele phansi izindawo obekutholakala kuzona ezinye izilwane kanye nezitshalo eziningi. (Bheka i-“extinction”, “natural selection” kanye ne-“habitat destruction”.)

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