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ubusawoti bomhlabathi — isiZulu
Ukuqoqana nokukhula komthamo kasawoti oncibilikayo (okuyizinhlobo ezithile zezinto ezingamakhemikhali) emhlabathini. Lokhu kuyinkinga yemvelo enkulu impela ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, esomisile noma esimvulancane (semi-arid). Wonke amanzi emvelo – kubandakanya namanzi atholakala ngaphansi komhlaba – aqukethe imithamo ehlukahlukene yezingxube ezingamakhemikhali ancibilikayo abizwa “ngosawoti”. Lezi zingxube zifaka phakathi ne-NaCl (usawoti ojwayelekile ofakwa ekudleni emakhaya), namanye ama-chlorides, ama-carbonates nama-sulphates of sodium, i-calcium kanye ne-magnesium. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomhlabathi ziqukethe usawoti oncibilikayo futhi uma amanzi atholakala ngaphansi komhlaba edlula kulowo mhlabathi onjalo, ancibikilisa omunye walowo sawoti osemhlabathini bese lokho kukhuphula umthamo kasawoti (salinity) otholakala emhlabathini. Ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi somile, amanzi ayaguquka abe ngumhwamuko bese ephuma eya phezulu emkhathini, kodwa usawoti wona uyasala emhlabathini. Uma iphindaphindeka le nqubo, lokho kukhuphula umthamo kasawoti emhlabathini, futhi ngenxa yalokho-ke umhlabathi ugcina ungasavundile futhi uhluleke ngokuphelele ukukhiqiza izitshalo. Ukunisela ezifundeni ezingakulungele lokho sekuholele ekutheni umhlaba ongamahekthare ayizigidi ngezigidi emhlabeni wonke jikelele ugcine ungasakwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo futhi ungaselona nakancane usizo. Ezifundeni ezomisile kanye nalezo ezimvulancane kuyadingeka ukuniselwa kwezitshalo ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla, kodwa-ke lokho kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umhlabathi uhlala uvundile. Uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nomthamo kasawoti osemanzini okunisela kumele kuhlolisiswe futhi ukunisela kumele kwenziwe ngendlela engezokhuphula umthamo kasawoti emhlabathini. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zomhlabathi okungafanele neze ziniselwe futhi kunezinhlobo zamanzi okungafanele neze asetshenziselwe ukunisela. Ukukhuphuka komthamo kasawoti emhlabathi kuyinto eyenzeka emhlabeni wonke jikelele, kodwa-ke ngenxa yokuthi izwekazi lase-Afrika liyizwekazi elishisayo futhi elomisile, livamise ukuhlangabezana kakhulu nale nkinga yokukhuphuka komthamo kasawoti emhlabathini. Kuyinto emangalisayo impela ukuthi ogwadule lwase-Sahara kunezifunda ezinkulukazi eziyindilinga ezizungeze wonke ama-oases (okuyimithombo yamanzi etholakala ogwadule, kanye nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezinamanzi agelezayo) lapho kutholakala khona umthamo omkhulu womhlaba onosawoti. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo izinga lokuphakama kwamanzi (watertable) ngaphansi komhlaba lisondele kakhulu engxenyeni engaphezulu yomhlaba, kangangokuthi amanzi angadonswa phansi ngokwakha imithombo engajulile kakhulu, futhi sekuphele iminyaka ngeminyaka abantu belima izitshalo kulezi zifunda ngoba phela bekulula ukunisela umhlaba osondelene nale mithombo yamanzi. Kulezi zinsuku, iningi lalezo zindawo akusalimeki kuzona ngoba akusamili lutho ngenxa yokuphakama komthamo kasawoti emhlabathini. Amanzi wona asekhona, kepha umhlabathi unomthamo ophakeme kakhulu kasawoti, kangangokuthi ngeke kumile ngisho nesitshalo esisodwa nje vo kuleyo ndawo. Umfanekiso wakudala wama-oasis (indawo enamanzi nezihlahla ogwadule) wawubonisa ihlashana lama-palm trees kanye nomhlanga ozungeze umthombo wamanzi lapho abantu babeziphumulela kamnandi bathokozele ukudla kwabo kanye namanzi apholile, bezungezwe wugwadule olunonya, olomile, olushisayo futhi olungenampilo. Ngisho nesisho esithi “An oasis in the desert” (“Umthombo wamanzi ogwadule”) sesaba yisisho esisetshenziswa kakhulu impela. Ngelishwa-ke, ayisekho leyo mithombo yasogwadule, epholile enobuhle obumangalisayo, futhi khona maduze nje abantu ngeke besasiqonda nokuthi sichaza ukuthini isisho esingenhla!
