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ezokuvakasha eziqhutshwa ngenkathalo nenkambiso elungileyo — isiZulu
Izinkambo zabavakashi ezingadali umonakalo kwimvelo abayivakashele (i-host environment) noma ezingaphazamisi isikompilo noma indlela yokuphila yabantu abahlala kulezo zifunda ezivakashelwe (bheka i-“host community”). Futhi, akufanele ukuthi inani labavakashi libe ngaphezulu kwamandla okumumatha (carrying capacity) endawo evakashelwe, noma-ke amandla endawo evakashelwe okumumatha imfucuza ekhiqizwa yizikhungo zokuvakasha ezenzelwe abantu abadla izambane likapondo (up-market tourism) (bheka i-“carrying capacity”). Izikhungo zokuvakasha akumele neze zicekele phansi ubuhle bendawo yemvelo noma bendawo eyakhiwe ngabantu, ngoba phela lobo buhle yibona obudoba futhi buhehe abavakashi ukuthi bavakashele indawo leyo. Uma bucekelwa phansi lobu buhle, abanikazi noma izimenenja zendawo zicekela phansi izinto ezenza indawo yabo ibe yigugu kubavakashi (asset base) (okufana nokucekela phansi umthombo wabo wemali!). Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama kwendawo ethile njengendawo eheha abavakashi, kumele buphathwe kahle futhi ngendlela esimeme ubuhle bayo kanye nalezo zinto eziyenza ibe yigugu kubavakashi, futhi lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu (bheka i-“demarketing” kanye ne-“carrying capacity”). Kunokukhathazeka okukhulu, futhi kube kufanelekile, mayelana nokuthi i-Kruger National Park ivakashelwa ngabantu abaningi ngokweqile emini, futhi sekugcwele kakhulu nezinkambu ezincane kuyo yonke le dawo. Iziqiwu i-Yellow Stone kanye ne-Yosemite kwelase-USA kwadingeka ukuthi eminyakeni eminingi edlule zinciphise inani labantu abavakashela lezi ziqiwu – ikakhulukazi njengomzamo wokunciphisa isiminyaminya sezimoto ngaphakathi eziqiwini! Ukuvakasha okuhambisana nokungaziphathi kahle kabantu ngokuthi balahle udoti phansi kanye nokugcwalisa abavakashi ngokweqile, kucekela phansi izintaba ezazinobuhle bemvelo obumangalisayo ezinjenge-Mount Everest, Kilimanjaro kanye ne-Mount McKinley. Emizileni yokuqwala intaba sekwagcwala imfucuza eningi, kusukela emabhodleleni e-oksijini angasenalutho phakathi kuya kwindle namangcoliso abantu agcwele yonke indawo. Entabeni i-Everest, ama-Sherpas (bheka i-“accessibility”, “adventure tourism” kanye ne-“alternative tourism”) kuye kudingeke ukuthi minyaka yonke aqoqe izinqwabanqwaba zemfucuza kuzo zombili izinhlangothi okuqwalwa kuzona intaba okuyi-south slope kanye ne-north slope (ngowezi-2012 nje kuphela kwaqoqwa amathani emfucuza angama-56!), ngokunjalo nasentabeni i-Kilimanjaro kunamathimba abasebenzi abaqoqa udoti abasebenza ngokuqhubekayo, beqoqa udoti kule ntaba. Ukuqoqwa kwemfucuza kwenza abantu babone sengathi kuvumelekile ukulahla udoti noma kuphi noma kanjani nje, ngoba phela bakhona abasebenzi abazowuqoqa, kepha-ke abantu bashaya sengathi sebewukhohliwe umgomo wokuqala we-eco-tourism ne-nature tourism othi “ungashiyi lutho ngaphandle kwama-footprints ezinyawo zakho” (bheka i-“ecological citizenship”, “ecological footprint” kanye ne-“environmentalist”), okuyinto edabukisayo impela. Umuntu uyazibuza ukuthi bangaki nje nempela abantu ababeyoqwala intaba i-Everest noma i-Kilimanjaro ukuba babephoqelekile ukuthi bazithwalele ngokwabo yonke imfucuza yabo – futhi lokho kubandakanya nendle yabo imbala – ngenkathi sebehla bebuyela phansi! Ukungcebeleka nobumnandi obuthandwa kakhulu ngabantu abadla izambane likapondo abazibiza “ngabathandi bemvelo” wukutetemuka ngezimoto zabo ezinkulu zohlobo lwe-4x4 eziziphuzelayo nje kuphethiloli, ezicekela phansi imvelo; bahambe badabule phezu kama-grassland anemvelo ebucayi, banqamule phakathi kwamaxhaphozi, bahambe emagqumeni ehlelayo kakhulu, badabule izindunduma zesihlabathi futhi banqamule nasemabhishi. Kungagcwala ibhuku eliwugqinsi impela uma singabhala wonke umonakalo abawenzayo kwimvelo, futhi “uthando lwabo lwemvelo” wuthando olungamanga nenkohliso nje, futhi oluyize leze. Ngasohlangothini lwemibono ebeka imvelo phambili, ukuvakasha kwabantu abahamba ngezimoto zohlobo lwe-4x4 – uma kubhekwa isimo sakho kanye nomonakalo okuwudalayo – kuwukuvakasha okungenankathalo futhi okuphambene kakhulu nenkambiso elungileyo yezokuvakasha. Abavakashi abacebile futhi abadla izambane likapondo abangena bephuma ezindaweni eziyimijondolo lapho befike khona baphe izingane amaswidi, nabo ngokufanayo babonisa ukuziphatha ngendlela engenankathalo futhi ephambene nenkambiso elungileyo yokuvakasha – futhi izenzo zabo zingachazwa njengento eyinhlamba; futhi lokhu kucasula ngendlela evusa uhlevane ngasohlangothini lwamasiko nenhlalo yabantu, kanye nangokwezepolitiki imbala. Ngisho nezilwandle aziphunyuli neze kule nkinga yokuvakasha okuphambene nenkambiso elungileyo! Abatshuzi abangama-scuba divers kanye nama-snorkel divers sebedale umonakalo ongachazeki futhi ongeke neze usalungiseka endaweni yemvelo ebizwa nge-Great Barrier Reef kwelase-Australia, kuma-coral reefs ase-Maldives, kanye nakuwo wonke ama-coral reef emhlabeni. Umonakalo owenziwa yi-tsunami enkulukazi mhla zingama-26 kuDisemba 2004, mncane kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nomonakalo owenziwa yilabo ababizwa ngabatshuzi abathanda imvelo. Ziningi impela izibonelo zokuvakasha okungenankatho futhi okuphambene nenkambiso elungileyo, ikakhulukazi okwenziwa wumkhakha we-eco-tourism wabantu abadla izambane likapondo abangenankathalo (ngokwencazelo, okuyisenzo esiphambene nenkambiso elungileyo!) futhi uma muntu engazibhala phansi lezo zibonelo zobubi ababenzayo kwimvelo, zingahlanganisa ibhuku eliphelele. Kuyathokozisa ukuthi kukhona izibonelo ezinhle zokuvakasha okuyikhathalelayo imvelo futhi okubonisa ukulandelwa kwenkambiso elungileyo, njengezinkambo zasemini zokuvakashela iziqhingini zase-Galapagos, izinkambo eziya e-Antarctica, izingxenye ezithile ze-Pantanal, kanye nezifunda ezithile zase-Canada, e-Alaska kanye nasemahlathini ase-Amazon.
