I-Geographic coordinate system — isiZulu

Uhlelo olusetshenziselwa ukuthola ngendlela enembayo futhi eqondile ukuthi indawo noma into ethile itholakala kuphi emhlabeni. Njengoba umhlaba ungelona ithafa, kepha uyindingilizi, ngeke isebenziseke i-Cartesian grid (bheka i-“Cartesian coordinates”). Ngenxa yalokho-ke, kwadingeka ukuthi izazi zejografi zakhe uhlelo olunjengalolu, kodwa lona bekumele kube wuhlelo oluzokwazi ukusebenza kwigilobhu (globe). Igridi isebenza kahle kakhulu ukuchaza nokubonisa ukuthi ikuphi indawo ethile njengoba isimo sephoyinti ngalinye kwigridi sichazwa ngama-coordinates amabili ahlukile. Ngakho-ke izazi zejografi zathuthukisa igridi ezokwazi ukusebenza kwindingilizi. I-geographical coordination system yakhiwe yinethiwekhi ebonakala ngamehlo engqondo, noma igridi, yamaqoqwana amabili emigqa eqondile. Iqoqwana elilodwa lizungeza igilobhu liqonde enyakatho-eningizimu-enyakatho, bese kuthi leli elinye liqonde empumalanga-entshonalanga-empumalanga. Imigqa esuka enyakatho iye eningizimu ibizwa ngemigqa yenkombamhlaba ilongithudi (noma ama-meridians), kanti-ke imigqa esuka empumalanga iye entshonalanga yona ibizwa ngemigqa yenkombamhlaba ilathithudi (noma ama-parallels). I-prime meridian, noma umugqa we-Greenwich Meridian (ngoba inqamula phakathi kwe-Greenwich e-England) ume ku-0° meridian ehlukanisa umhlaba kabili, ube yingxenyemhlaba (ihemisfiye) esempumalanga kanye nengxenyemhlaba esentshonalanga. I-parallel eyinhloko noma u-0° womugqa welathithudi yinkabazwe (equator) ehlukanisa umhlaba kabili ube yingxenyemhlaba esenyakatho kanye nengxenyemhlaba eseningizimu. Izingxenye lapho kuphelela khona umhlaba, i-north pole (ingxenye yokuphela komhlaba esenyakatho) kanye ne-south pole (ingxenye yokuphela komhlaba eseningizimu) zitholakala kulathithudi engu-90°N kanye no-90°S ngokulandelana kwazo futhi aziyona imigqa kodwa zingamaphoyinti. Uma kuchazwa isimo soqobo noma indawobukhoma emile (absolute location) (bheka i-“location”) yendawo (iphoyinti) ethile, kunikezwa kuqala i-latitudinal location coordinate bese kulandela i-longitudinal location coordinate, isibonelo 25°S32°E, noma 18°N72°W (bheka i-“absolute location” ngaphansi kwe-“location”.) Ngokuvamile – kodwa hhayi ngokusemthethweni – lokhu kubizwa ngomthetho i-Lat-Lo rule. Into eyodwa ephambene nalo mthetho ngamabalazwe anesilinganiso esikhulu (large scale maps) e-British Ordinance Survey lapho ilongithudi inikezwa kuqala bese kulandela ilathithudi. Kulawa mabalazwe imigqa yelongithudi ibizwa ngama-“eastings” futhi imigqa yelathithudi ibizwa ngama-“northings”.

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